The Effect of Cellular Phone Use
on the Speed, Accuracy,
and Safety of Drivers
Appendix A and B

Kevin Bogle
Classen School of Advanced Studies
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Appendix A
Appendix B

Please Note: These records are very large in size and may several minutes to load.

Appendix A

• Table of Contents
  • Table 1 ------ Summary of Statistical Results
  • Figures 1 and 2 ------ Graphs of Results
  • Figures 3 and 4 ------ Photographs of Equipment
  • Table 2 ------ Data Summary Sheet

Table 1

Summary Table of Statistical Result
Driving Condition

Without Phone	With Phone	t-test**	p
6.36 minutes/lap	6.83 minutes/lap	t (24) = 2.885	p< .0081*
5.02 groceries remembered	2.58 groceries remembered	t (24) = 8.276	p< .00001*
5.19 directions remembered	2.74 directions remembered	t (24) = 7.966	p< .00001*
16.8 swerves out of lane	30.72 swerves out of lane	t (24) = 7.848	p< .00001*
9.52 hit objects	19.68 hit objects	t (24) = 5.669	p< .00001 *
5.88 car wrecks	18.68 car wrecks	t (24) = 4.63	p< .0001 *

*Denotes Statistical Significance
** t-test for related samples

Graphs of Results

***********************************************************

Experimental Equipment

Table 2a

Data Summary Sheet

Participant Number	Time off phone	Time on phone	Groceries off phone	Groceries on phone	Directions off phone	Directions on phone
1-F	7:24	8:40	4	2	7	4
2-F	7:03	7:32	4	3	4	.5
3-F	6:52	8:24	6.5	3.5	6.5	3
4-F	8:08	7:01	6.5	5	8	5
5-F	7:13.40	8:26.06	6	2.5	5	4
6-F	8:49	8:03	5	4	6	5
7-F	7:49	7:56	6	2	3	3
8-M	5:47	5:27	7	5	5	4
9-F	5:40	6:01	2	1	5	3
10-M	5:36	5:27	3	1	5	0
11-F	6:56	8:05	6	1.5	3.5	0
12-F	7:46	10:26	5.5	3.5	3	1
13-M	6:24	6:24	6	6	5	5
14-M	5:37	5:36	5	2	5	3
15-F	7:33	7:36	6.5	4	4.5	4.5
16-M	6:17	6:23	6	2	6	2
17-F	6:29	6:51	3	3.5	6	5
18-F	8:41	8:53	6	0	6	1
19-M	5.26	6.2	5	3	4	2
20-F	5.41	5.48	5	1.5	4.75	2
21-M	4.3	5.1	4	1.5	7	3
22-M	6.05	6.09	5.5	3	5.5	4
23-M	5.06	6.34	6.0	2	7	2.5
24-F	6.43	6.55	4	1	6	2
25-M	4.51	5.02	2	1	2	0

Table 2b

Data Summary Sheet

Participant Number	Lane swerves off phone	Lane swerves on phone	Wrecks off phone	Wrecks on phone	Hits off phone	Hits on phone
1-F	21	31	6	11	2	9
2-F	15	34	5	6	6	9
3-F	11	22	10	4	5	6
4-F	15	40	13	15	11	22
5-F	16	21	3	13	8	14
6-F	19	22	8	11	8	7
7-F	8	26	3	2	1	6
8-M	10	20	6	10	4	17
9-F	22	18	1	1	6	7
10-M	10	26	3	16	6	11
11-F	14	36	6	24	7	13
12-F	24	41	4	51	1	27
13-M	18	33	6	36	7	8
14-M	7	33	11	33	22	32
15-F	17	22	3	23	16	22
16-M	22	51	9	11	3	16
17-F	19	22	4	16	15	23
18-F	15	32	5	41	5	30
19-M	17	26	1	3	9	16
20-F	24	41	2	32	9	44
21-M	21	36	16	34	19	33
22-M	12	26	3	18	15	27
23-M	27	59	4	36	18	43
24-F	10	20	3	0	13	23
25-M	26	29	12	20	22	27

Appendix B

Samples of Materials Used:

• Sample of Consent Form
• Experimental Protocol and Procedure
• First grocery list and driving directions
• Second grocery list and driving directions
• Car Phone Dialog to follow groceries and driving directions
• Experimenter's Data Recording Sheet
• Participant's Sheet to Recall groceries and driving directions

CONSENT FORM

The Department of Psychology at The University of Cenrtral Oklahoma supports the practice of protection for human subjects participating in research. All experiments are approved by a review board and meet Federal Guidelines Protecting Human Subjects. You have the right to withdraw at any time without penalty. Your participation is encouraged, but is strictly voluntary. You can be assured that your name will not be associated in any way with the research findings. Information about you will be kept confidential.

For each experiment in which you participate the specific instructions and requirements will be explained to you at the time of the experimental session. At the conclusion of the study you will be provided with an explanation of the purpose of the study and the results.

You are free to refuse to participate in any procedure or to refuse to answer any question at any time without penalty. You are free to withdraw from a research Project at any time without penalty.

By signing this form and agreeing to participate in research you do not waive any of your legal rights.

Thank you for your participation.
Name:
Date:
Signature:
Student ID Number:

PARTICIPATION IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Participation in psychological research is a course requirement. The reason for this requirement is to give you an insider's view of the science of psychology. There are two forms of participaticn: You can sign up as a subject in five experiments or you can write an acceptable research paper on a topic approved by your instructor. Time of involvement in a given experiment usually will not exceed an hour; when it does you will be given credit for two experiments. A research paper is expected to be approximately 1,000-1,200 words in length (about 4 double-spaced pages). A student who does not complete one of these options will be given a grade of I (incomplete) for the course.

Those electing to participate in five experiments are responsible for making their own appointments. Research participation sign-up sheets are posted on the red bulletin board in the middle of the hall on the fourth floor of Old North. Please read the sign-up sheets carefully to see if any restrictions apply. When you sign up for an experiment note carefully the following information: where the experiment is, when it is, and the name and telephone number of the experimenter If you find you cannot participate in an experiment you signed up for, call the experimenter immediately or at least 24 hours in advance to cancel. If you Simply do not show up for an experiment you are signed up for, or do not call to cancel you will be declared a "no-show" Each "no-show" will result in an additional experiment you must participate in beyond the required five experiments because the time and effort expended by experimenters to accommodate your participation is very extensive.

After participating in an experiment, the experimenter will give you a signed card entitled General Psychology Receipt for Research Participation. This card is proof of your participation and should be kept in case there is an error in accounting on the part of the course's accountant. For experiments scheduled longer than one hour, you should obtain a signed receipt for each hour or fraction of an hour of participation.

If the experimenter fails to show up for an experiment for which you have arrived on time, please notify the departmental secretary Old North 401, Extension 5708 in the Psychology Department office.

Experimental Protocol:

1. Give grocery list for participant to memorize
2. Give driving directions for participant to memorize
3. Give instructions on:
   1. steering wheel,
   2. accelerate with right foot,
   3. brake pedal on the left,
   4. horn position,
   5. reverse gear
4. Practice driving on test course.
5. Test participant on free recall ofgrocery list.
6. Test participant on recall ofdirections.

One half of participants:

• 7. Drive one complete course without the cell phone.
• 8. Drive one complete course with cell phone

Or
Other half of participants:

• 7. Drive one complete course with the cell phone.
• 8. Drive one complete course without cell phone

First grocery list to memorize without using cell phone:

Experimenter: Hi! I need you to stop on the way home and pick up a few groceries from the store. Could you do that?

Experimenter: Okay. I am going to say some things that you need to get at the store, so you need to remember these items. So 1 know that you heard me clearly, I want you to repeat each item after I say it. Okay?

Experimenter: Okay, Repeat after me.

We need:

• 1 gallon ofmilk
• One bunch of green grapes
• 24 pack of Coke
• A spray bottle of Windex
• Ajar of spaghetti sauce
• A quart of Apple Juice
• 2 ripe tomatoes
• One pound of hamburger meat.

First set of driving directions to memorize without using cell phone:

Experimenter: I also need you to go pick up my son Billy from his friend's house. Because you do not know how to get there I'll give you directions. Okay?

Could you repeat each part of the directions after me?

• You get on Lake Hefner Parkway going north and exit on Britton.
• Turn right (or east) onto Britton and drive to May Ave.
• Then you make a left (or north) on May.
• Then you go for .2 miles to Quail Creek road.
• Then you turn left on Quail Creek Road.
• His house is the third on the left, and the address is 237 Quail Creek Road.

Second grocery list to memorize while using cell phone:

Experimenter: Hi! I need you to stop on the way home and pick up a few groceries from the store. Could you do that?

Experimenter: Okay. I am going to say some things that you need to get at the store, so you need to remember these items. So I know that you heard me clearly, I want you to repeat each item after I say it. Okay?

Experimenter: Okay. Repeat after me.

We need:

• 1 quart of eggnog
• One bunch of ripe bananas
• 12 pack of Dr. Pepper
• A spray bottle of 409 cleaner
• A can of chili with beans
• A quart of orange juice
• 4 sweet potatoes
• And one pound of bacon. Okay?

Second set of driving directions to memorize while using cell phone:

Experimenter: Oh Yeah. I also need you to go pick up my daughter Jill from her friend's house. Because you do not know how to get there I'll give you directions. Okay?

Could you repeat each part of the directions after me?

• You get on Lake Hefner Parkway going south and exit on 50th Street.
• Turn left (or east) onto 50th St. and drive to May Ave.
• Then you make a right (or south) on May.
• Then you go for .3 miles to Country Club Road.
• Then you turn left on Country Club Road.
• Her house is the second one on the right, and the address is 2605 Country Club Road.

Car Phone Dialog to follow grocery list and directions

:

• What is your name?
• What is your date of birth?
  Where were you born?
  Where all have you lived?
• Where were your parents born?
  How old are they?
  Where do they live?
  Where all have they lived?
• How many brothers and sisters do you have?
  How old are they?
  Where do they live?
• If they have children, how old are they?
• Where did you go to high school?
  When did you graduate?
• When did you start college?
  How many hours have you completed?
  What is your classification?
• What classes are you taking this semester?
  What are the days and times?
  Which instructors?
• What classes did you take last semester?
  What were the days and times?
  Who were your instructors?
  What grades did you make?
• What is your GPA?
  What do you plan to do when you graduate?

Note: This took the same amount of time as driving the course took. Some participants were not asked the last few questions because they finished the course a little faster.

Experimenter's Data Recording Sheet

Driving Condition:

• Driving only with no cell phone (first --- or second ---)
  • Number of times swerved out of lane -----
  • Number of times hit sign or left road -----
  • Number of times hit other cars -----
  • Total time on course -----

Driving Condition:

• Driving while talking on cell phone (first --- or second ---)
  • Number of times swerved out of lane -----
  • Number of times hit sign or left road -----
  • Number of times hit other cars -----
  • Total time on course -----

Participant's sheet to recall groceries and driving directions

Could you please write down the groceries that you were asked to get at the store?
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Could you please write down the directions you were given to the home?
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